Question 1

__________ controls protein turnover by closely regulating the degradation of specific proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)   Ubiquitination
B)   Half-life
C)   Amino acid sequence
D)   Tertiary structure
E)   ProteaseF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 2

__________ is normally read as a stop codon but encodes tryptophan in vertebrate mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A)   AUG
B)   UCA
C)   UAC
D)   UGA
E)   AUCF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

Which RNA species is a component of the 30S subunit of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A)   5S RNA
B)   16S RNA
C)   23S RNA
D)   tRNA
E)   mRNAF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Where is f-met used as the N-terminal amino acid? What does that mean for the human immune response?

Accepted Answer

Only bacteria and mitochondria utilize f...

Question 5

Post-translational modification may involve:

Accepted Answer

A)   adenylylation
B)   phosphorylation
C)   acetylation
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) C) and E)
G) B) and E) D

Question 6

__________ serves as a molecular clock that measures the approximate time since two species diverged.

Accepted Answer

A)   tRNA
B)   mRNA
C)   rRNA
D)   sRNA
E)   tmRNAF) B) and C)
G) A) and E) C

Question 7

What do codons and anticodons have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are part of tRNA.
B)   They are sequences of DNA 3 nucleotides long.
C)   They are identical RNA sequences.
D)   They are complementary RNA sequences.
E)   None of the above.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

What does it mean to say that the genetic code is degenerate?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is more than one kind of amino acid in proteins.
B)   More than one rRNA can bind to the ribosome at the same time.
C)   A codon is composed of more than one nucleotide.
D)   More than one codon can specify the same amino acid.
E)   All products of translation contain a certain minimum number of mistakes, called mutations.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Why is protein degradation necessary to maintain cellular health?

Accepted Answer

Many proteins are only needed at certain...

Question 10

Similar genes within the same organism that have different functions are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   homologs
B)   orthologs
C)   paralogs
D)   homogenous
E)   synonymousF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

An enzyme complex called RNA polymerase, also known as __________-dependent __________ polymerase, carries out the process of transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA; DNA
B)   transcription; DNA
C)   transcription; RNA
D)   DNA; RNA
E)   translation; RNAF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Molecules of sRNA do not encode proteins but are used to __________ the translation of specific mRNAs into proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)   start
B)   regulate
C)   stop
D)   speed up
E)   slow downF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

The typical E. coli cell has approximately how many ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   100
B)   300
C)   1,000
D)   18,000
E)   100,000F) All of the above
G) A) and D) D

Question 14

Which drug interferes with transcription in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   chloramphenicol
B)   erythromycin
C)   rifamycin B
D)   streptomycin
E)   tetracyclineF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)   the RNA polymerase holoenzyme
B)   binding of RNA polymerase to the beginning of the gene
C)   melting of the helix
D)   synthesis of a primer
E)   base pairing of the first nucleotide of the RNAF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Which form of RNA has the task of unsticking stuck ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA
B)   rRNA
C)   sRNA
D)   tmRNA
E)   TRNAF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The energy source utilized by the elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu is:

Accepted Answer

A)   proton motive force
B)   ATP hydrolysis
C)   GTP hydrolysis
D)   phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis
E)   none is requiredF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Eukaryotes and the archaea contain proteasomes. Compare and contrast these proteasomes in terms of structure and function.

Accepted Answer

Each proteasome is a barrel-shaped prote...

Question 19

Name two antibiotics that affect translation and explain their mode of action.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include: Streptomycin s...

Question 20

Without __________, the core RNA polymerase binds and releases DNA at random.

Accepted Answer

A)   sigma factor
B)   initiation factor
C)   Shine-Dalgarno sequence
D)   peptidyltransferase
E)   release factorF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 8: Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

__________ controls protein turnover by closely regulating the degradation of specific proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is normally read as a stop codon but encodes tryptophan in vertebrate mitochondria.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which RNA species is a component of the 30S subunit of the ribosome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is f-met used as the N-terminal amino acid? What does that mean for the human immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedOnly bacteria and mitochondria utilize f...View AnswerShow Answer

Post-translational modification may involve:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

__________ serves as a molecular clock that measures the approximate time since two species diverged.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What do codons and anticodons have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does it mean to say that the genetic code is degenerate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is protein degradation necessary to maintain cellular health?

Correct AnswerverifiedMany proteins are only needed at certain...View AnswerShow Answer

Similar genes within the same organism that have different functions are referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An enzyme complex called RNA polymerase, also known as __________-dependent __________ polymerase, carries out the process of transcription.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecules of sRNA do not encode proteins but are used to __________ the translation of specific mRNAs into proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The typical E. coli cell has approximately how many ribosomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which drug interferes with transcription in prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT part of initiation of transcription?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which form of RNA has the task of unsticking stuck ribosomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The energy source utilized by the elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotes and the archaea contain proteasomes. Compare and contrast these proteasomes in terms of structure and function.

Correct AnswerverifiedEach proteasome is a barrel-shaped prote...View AnswerShow Answer

Name two antibiotics that affect translation and explain their mode of action.

Correct AnswerverifiedPossible answers include: Streptomycin s...View AnswerShow Answer

Without __________, the core RNA polymerase binds and releases DNA at random.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Only bacteria and mitochondria utilize f...
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D

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C

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Many proteins are only needed at certain...
View Answer

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An enzyme complex called RNA polymerase, also known as -dependent polymerase, carries out the process of transcription.

Correct Answer
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D

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Each proteasome is a barrel-shaped prote...
View Answer

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Possible answers include: Streptomycin s...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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