Question 1

What causes an EPSP?​

Accepted Answer

A)  the deactivation of cytoplasmic enzymes
B)  ​the opening of sodium channels
C)  ​the opening of potassium channels
D)  the deactivation of stress response pathwaysE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?​

Accepted Answer

A)  the ligaments and tendons that bind them together
B)  ​learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex
C)  ​inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord
D)  control of both muscles by different branches of the same axonE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

After one frog's heart has been stimulated,an extract of fluid from that heart can make a second frog's heart beat faster.What conclusion did Otto Loewi draw from these results?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Transmission at synapses is a chemical event.
B)  ​The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are antagonistic.
C)  ​Transmission at heart muscle synapses is electrical.
D)  Hormones facilitate the actions of the nervous system.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

To measure temporal summation in single cells,researchers ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  attach electrodes to the scalp
B)  ​insert an microelectrode into the scalp
C)  ​collect sodium and potassium ions from nearby glial cells
D)  record depolarizations of the postsynaptic neuronE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  speed the action potential traveled down the axon
B)  ​number of branches of the presynaptic axon
C)  ​receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
D)  distance between the synapse and the cell bodyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which statement is TRUE about the spontaneous firing rates of neurons?​

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSPs increase the frequency.
B)  ​EPSPs decrease the frequency.
C)  ​IPSPs increase the frequency.
D)  One EPSP equals the effect of two IPSPs.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:​

Accepted Answer

A)  if it runs out of one, it has others
B)  ​it can release different transmitters on different occasions
C)  ​it can send more complex messages
D)  it can release one from the axon's terminal and one from another location along the axonE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?​

Accepted Answer

A)  It is released before the action potential occurs.
B)  ​It is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron.
C)  ​It is a gas.
D)  It is an organelle.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?​

Accepted Answer

A)  recycling of neurotransmitters
B)  ​breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process
C)  ​absorbing neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neurons
D)  re-releasing neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neuronsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?​

Accepted Answer

A)  only the number of EPSPs impinging on an axon
B)  ​only the number of IPSPs impinging on the dendrites
C)  ​the combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs
D)  summation effects of IPSPsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 11

A temporary hyperpolarization is known as an ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSP
B)  ​IPSP
C)  ​ISPS
D)  EPIPE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  excitation; inhibition
B)  ​inhibition; excitation
C)  ​increasing the threshold; decreasing the threshold
D)  decreasing the threshold; increasing the thresholdE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Charles S.Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  synapses
B)  ​the refractory period
C)  ​the sodium-potassium pump
D)  dendrites and axonsE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which process is more typical of a metabotropic effect than an ionotropic effect?​

Accepted Answer

A)  producing inhibitory effects on the postsynaptic cell
B)  ​influencing the speed of conduction by the postsynaptic cell
C)  ​producing long-lasting effects on the post-synaptic cell
D)  controlling sensory processesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Sherrington studied ____,which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli.​

Accepted Answer

A)  instincts
B)  ​reflexes
C)  ​inhibitions
D)  aversionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 16

Which one of Sherrington's inferences about the synapse was WRONG?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Transmission at a synapse is slower than transmission of impulses along an axon.
B)  ​Transmission at the synapse is primarily an electrical process.
C)  ​Synapses can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
D)  Synapses make spatial summation and temporal summation possible.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).​

Accepted Answer

Researchers often refer to the neuropept...

Question 18

Spatial summation refers to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple weak stimulations that occur in rapid succession
B)  ​a decrease in responsiveness after repeated stimulation
C)  ​multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time
D)  an increase in the strength of action potentials after repeated stimulationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  gonads
B)  ​mammary glands
C)  ​thyroid gland
D)  adrenal cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A receptor can directly open a channel and thereby exert a(n) ____ effect,or it can produce slower but longer ____ effects.​

Accepted Answer

A)  gated; metabotropic
B)  ​ionotropic; gated
C)  ​metabotropic; ionotropic
D)  ionotropic; metabotropicE) B) and C)
F) C) and D) D

Exam 2: Synapses

What causes an EPSP?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After one frog's heart has been stimulated,an extract of fluid from that heart can make a second frog's heart beat faster.What conclusion did Otto Loewi draw from these results?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To measure temporal summation in single cells,researchers ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE about the spontaneous firing rates of neurons?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?​

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A temporary hyperpolarization is known as an ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Charles S.Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process is more typical of a metabotropic effect than an ionotropic effect?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sherrington studied ____,which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli.​

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which one of Sherrington's inferences about the synapse was WRONG?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).​

Correct AnswerverifiedResearchers often refer to the neuropept...View AnswerShow Answer

Spatial summation refers to ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the ____.​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A receptor can directly open a channel and thereby exert a(n) ____ effect,or it can produce slower but longer ____ effects.​

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What causes an EPSP?

Correct Answer
verified

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Correct Answer
verified

After one frog's heart has been stimulated,an extract of fluid from that heart can make a second frog's heart beat faster.What conclusion did Otto Loewi draw from these results?

Correct Answer
verified

To measure temporal summation in single cells,researchers ____.

Correct Answer
verified

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is TRUE about the spontaneous firing rates of neurons?

Correct Answer
verified

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:

Correct Answer
verified

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?

Correct Answer
verified

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?

Correct Answer
verified

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

Correct Answer
verified
C

A temporary hyperpolarization is known as an ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Depolarization is to as hyperpolarization is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Charles S.Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which process is more typical of a metabotropic effect than an ionotropic effect?

Correct Answer
verified

Sherrington studied ____,which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which one of Sherrington's inferences about the synapse was WRONG?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).

Correct Answer
verified
Researchers often refer to the neuropept...
View Answer

Spatial summation refers to ____.

Correct Answer
verified

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the ____.

Correct Answer
verified

A receptor can directly open a channel and thereby exert a(n) effect,or it can produce slower but longer effects.

Correct Answer
verified
D