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________ is the tendency to take credit for successes and avoid blame for failures.


A) Impression management
B) Selective perception
C) Self-serving attribution
D) Attribution error

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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How can employees guard against thinking stereotypically?

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Employees have to guard against thinking...

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Which of the following would LEAST LIKELY cause salience?


A) wearing jeans to work when the dress code does not allow it
B) wearing a red dress to a funeral
C) wearing a shirt and tie to an important business meeting
D) wearing sandals in the middle of a snow storm

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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As a supervisor, John Layman believes one of his employees excels due to "pure, dumb luck." John is making ________.


A) an internal attribution
B) an attribution error
C) an external attribution
D) a biased decision

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The target of perception is the context in which perception takes place.

A) True
B) False

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________, which allows people to organize and interpret information about a given target of perception, determine the way a target is perceived.


A) Processing
B) Perception targeting
C) Schema
D) Collective unconsciousness

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which one of the following statements is FALSE?


A) A stereotype threat can affect the performance of individuals who are salient for a variety of reasons.
B) When people who are salient think about stereotypes that are relevant to task performance, their performance might become impaired.
C) Salience always heightens one's ability to focus on the task at hand.
D) Salience due to race has particularly powerful effects on perception.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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All of the following EXCEPT ________ affect a person's perceptions of reality.


A) schemas
B) motivational state
C) mood
D) behavioral state

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Impression management tactics include all of the following EXCEPT ________.


A) being consistent
B) self promotion
C) appreciating or flattering others
D) emotional matching

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Individuals who are salient are often perceived in ________ inconspicuous members of a group.


A) more neutral terms than
B) more extreme terms than
C) less extreme terms than
D) the same terms as

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Motivational states can result in inaccurate perceptions and faulty decision making.

A) True
B) False

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Leniency, harshness, and average tendency biases are problematic because they ________.


A) impact evaluation accuracy and comparability
B) affect minority workers more severely than they do other workers
C) can result in self-fulfilling prophecies
D) change objective reality

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes and to attribute one's own behavior to external causes is known as ________.


A) the fundamental attribution error
B) the actor-observer effect
C) the halo effect
D) the self-serving error

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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A bias is a systematic tendency to use or interpret information about a target in a way that results in inaccurate perceptions.

A) True
B) False

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When an organization must make an important announcement to the public, they often use a high-status member to make the announcement since the audience is likely to perceive this person as credible.

A) True
B) False

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Diversity training can facilitate the management of a diverse workforce.

A) True
B) False

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What are schemas and how do they influence the perceptual process?

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When we rely on experiences and the know...

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One of the consequences of being salient is stereotyping.

A) True
B) False

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________ can be dysfunctional and damaging to the perceiver, the target, and the organization.


A) Objective truths
B) Accurate perception
C) Reality
D) Stereotypes

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Individuals are more likely to accept the blame for failure when it is due to something that they can control in the future, such as working harder or planning better.

A) True
B) False

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