Question 1

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   substrate-level phosphorylation
B)   oxidative phosphorylation
C)   ATP hydrolysis
D)   reduction of NAD⁺ to NADHE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Accepted Answer

A)   citric acid cycle
B)   glycolysis
C)   lactate fermentation
D)   oxidative phosphorylationE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is driven by ATP hydrolysis.
B)   It includes a series of hydrolysis reactions associated with mitochondrial membranes.
C)   It consists of a series of redox reactions
D)   It occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. Which of the following statements about these inside-out membrane vesicles is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The inside of the vesicles will become acidic when NADH is added.
B)   The inside of the vesicles will become alkaline when NADH is added.
C)   ATP will be produced from ADP and  ᵢ in the interior of the vesicle.
D)   The vesicles will pump protons out of the interior of the vesicle to the exterior using energy from ATP hydrolysis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   It gains electrons and gains potential energy.
B)   It loses electrons and loses potential energy.
C)   It gains electrons and loses potential energy.
D)   It loses electrons and gains potential energy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686 kcal/mol, and the free energy for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is used in the production of ATP in glycolysis.
B)   Glycolysis is a very inefficient reaction, with much of the energy of glucose released as heat.
C)   Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis.
D)   There is no CO₂ or water produced as products of glycolysis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and will find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous exercise. Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels?

Accepted Answer

A)   During aerobic respiration, muscle cells cannot produce enough lactate to fuel muscle cell contractions, and muscles begin to cramp, thus athletic performance suffers.
B)   During anaerobic respiration, lactate levels increase when muscles cells need more energy; however, muscles cells eventually fatigue, thus athletes should modify their activities to increase aerobic respiration.
C)   During aerobic respiration, muscles cells produce too much lactate, which causes a rise in the pH of the muscle cells, thus athletes must consume increased amounts of sports drinks, high in electrolytes, to buffer the pH.
D)   During anaerobic respiration, muscle cells receive too little oxygen and begin to convert lactate to pyruvate (pyruvic acid) , thus athletes experience cramping and fatigue.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods?

Accepted Answer

A)   They contain many oxygen atoms.
B)   They contain no nitrogen atoms.
C)   They contain many electrons associated with hydrogen atoms.
D)   They are strong oxidizing molecules.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction?

Correct Answer
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Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Correct Answer
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The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686 kcal/mol, and the free energy for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686 kcal/mol, and the free energy for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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