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Exam 4: The Early Childhood and Preschool Years

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Question 31

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What is the term for thinking that reflects preschoolers' use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world?

A) egocentric thought
B) centration
C) intuitive thought
D) conservation

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 32

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What is the term for play in which children genuinely interact with one another, taking turns, playing games, or devising contests?

A) associative play
B) functional play
C) cooperative play
D) parallel play

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 33

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The difference between a 3-year-old's development of "pretend" compared to his/her development of "belief" can be illustrated by

What term refers to the way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form sentences?

When a preschool-age child is developing a gender schema, he/she is

Preschool-age children must rely on their parents to help them determine the appropriate amount of food intake that they need.

Research suggests that the age at which toilet training takes place has risen over the years.In 1957, what percentage of children had been toilet trained by 18 months of age?

Developmental psychologists have found that children can benefit from involvement in some form of ___________ before they enroll in formal schooling, which takes place at ages 5.

What is the term for instances in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter?

According to Piaget, _________ is at the heart of __________, which is a major advance for preschool children.

Between the ages of 4 and 5, Ethan's attention span and concentration improved dramatically.This is likely because of

Research indicates that ethnic identity emerges in children at the same time that racial identity emerges.

What is the term for parents who are firm, set clear and consistent limits, and try to reason with their children, giving explanations for why they should behave in a particular way?

Which of the following most likely contributes to the high level of accidents in the preschool age group?

Which of the following is the best description of Piaget's symbolic function?

By age 2, the average child in Canada weighs around _______ kilograms, and is close to ________ centimetres tall. A)10–14; 90 B)10–14; 70 C)15–20; 90 D)15–20; 70

_____________is the knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects.

On Christmas morning, 3-year-old Billy opens one of his gifts from his mother and finds a new sweater.Disappointed that it is not a toy, Billy frowns and throws the sweater aside in front of his mother with no regard for her feelings.In this example, Billy is demonstrating

Johnny is a 4-year-old who is having lunch with his mother and sister.When his mother pours the milk that is left in the carton into the children's glasses, she finds that there is not enough to fill both glasses; so she carefully pours half of the milk in the shorter, fatter glass in front of Johnny and half into a thin, taller glass in front of Johnny's sister.Immediately, Johnny complains that his sister got more milk than he did, and even when his mother tries to explain that they both got the same amount, Johnny insists he is right.In this example, Johnny is demonstrating a lack of development in the area of

Briefly describe criticism of Vygotsky's theories.